Kidney stones — which set of nutrients is listed as key therapeutic nutrients?

• A. Magnesium, B6, Calcium, Citrate, Vitamin K, Vitamin C
• B. Vitamin D, Iron, Zinc
• C. Potassium only
• D. Sodium and chloride

Answer: (A)

The main idea is that preventing kidney stones involves nutrients that influence how stone-forming compounds behave in the urine and gut. Citrate is especially important because it binds calcium and increases urinary citrate, which inhibits crystallization and helps keep stones from forming. Calcium, when eaten with meals, can bind oxalate in the gut, reducing how much oxalate reaches the urine and lowering risk for calcium oxalate stones. Magnesium adds another layer of protection by complexing oxalate and slowing crystal growth. Vitamin B6 reduces the hepatic production of oxalate, further decreasing urinary oxalate levels. Vitamin K supports mineral balance and bone-health-related aspects of stone risk, while moderate amounts of Vitamin C contribute antioxidant support and normal metabolism; excessive vitamin C can raise oxalate, so moderation matters. Together these nutrients address multiple pathways that influence stone formation, which is why this combination is considered key therapeutic nutrition. Other options miss several of these protective nutrients or include items not directly tied to stone prevention, making them less suitable.