Kidney stones — which option is NOT a dietary risk factor?

• A. Low fiber
• B. High refined carbs
• C. High fat
• D. Low fat

Answer: (D)

The main idea is that what you eat can change what’s in your urine, and certain patterns raise the risk of forming stones by increasing stone-forming substances or lowering protective factors in urine. Low fiber, high refined carbohydrates, and high fat diets each tend to push urinary chemistry toward stone formation: low fiber can raise oxalate absorption and urinary oxalate, refined carbohydrates can promote insulin-related changes that increase stone risk, and high fat diets often accompany higher intake of animal protein and sodium, which raise urine calcium and uric acid while lowering citrate. In contrast, simply having a lower fat intake does not create the urine conditions that favor stones, so low fat is not a dietary risk factor.